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Part of the hugely popular Without the Hot Air series, this book is accessibly written from an engineering perspective on a wide range of materials
Presenting a vision of change for how future generations can still use steel, cement, plastics, etcetera, but with less impact on the environment, this book is a wake-up call first, and then a solutions manual. By providing an evidence-based vision of change, the book can play a significant role in influencing our future. Written for designers; engineers; operations, technical, and business managers; traders; and government and NGO officials associated with business, climate, energy, environment, waste, trade and financing. It is relevant to a wide range of industries, including energy, construction, consulting, manufacturing, transport, and architecture, but will also appeal to those who love popular science. This second edition is updated with the latest developments in both science and industry.
- Sales Rank: #1419130 in Books
- Published on: 2015-10-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.75" h x .90" w x 7.75" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 416 pages
Review
"Though the authors have expertise in their subject, and it shows, they also write engagingly, explaining production methods and yield analysis in a way that a general audience can understand, and that will hopefully inspire industry to put these ideas into practice." —Jeff Fleischer, Foreword Reviews
"An excellent book . . . the message is clear and convincing: We can’t go on using materials the way we have been for the past 150 years, but fortunately, we don’t have to. We can meet the world’s growing need for the stuff of modern life, avoid the worst effects of climate change, and preserve the environment for future generations . . . . Although the topic can be dry as a desert, the authors keep it light with lots of colorful illustrations and clever analogies without sacrificing clarity or rigor. I learned a lot from this thoughtful look at a critical topic." —Bill Gates, gatesnotes.com on first edition
About the Author
Julian M. Allwood is a professor in engineering at the University of Cambridge, where he leads the Low Carbon Materials Processing research group. Jonathan M. Cullen is university lecturer in the University of Cambridge engineering department. They both have extensive experience working in the engineering industry, in addition to their numerous research projects.
Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
DOING MORE WITH LESS
By DAVID BRYSON
The planet that we live on, and that we depend on for our day-to-day sustenance and survival, is not a bottomless pit. It needs no engineering professors come from Cambridge to tell us this, you may say, but the message seems only to be sinking in very haphazardly with the general public. There must be whole libraries of learned tomes on the subject of sustainable resources, but what we have here is a textbook that also does its best to be readable by the rest of us. It’s ourselves – the voting public – who really matter, because we have the numbers to force through change if we can stir ourselves to do that.
How near a date is 2050, would you say? I won’t be alive then, but my children ought to be and my grandchildren will still be in their 30s. By that date the world community is supposed to have halved its carbon emissions, the ‘greenhouse gases’ widely believed among scientists to be warming our environment to a dangerous extent, and it looks as if we had better believe that and do something about it before it’s all too late. It’s over-production and over-consumption that are doing the damage, so the route to a solution, if there is one, must be to get all that under control. The watchword is ‘sustainable’. Slowing down our over-consumption is good so far as it goes, but it is only postponing disaster. We owe it to generations we will never know that they should have a habitable planet, and this ambitious book with its positive message deserves thanks as well as credit for organising our thinking for us.
The bulk of the carbon emissions come from steel and aluminium processing, so the analysis is mainly concerned with those industries, with shorter sections on cement, paper and plastics, although even the clothing trade makes a brief appearance. The authors see it as necessary to look at the issues with two eyes rather than one, and it would be hard not to agree. To me as I read carefully the distinction was not as clear or firm as it is to the writers. I was looking for a step-change from one category to the other, and I only found it partially. In the ‘one-eyed’ perceptions the story was all about managerial efficiencies – letting less product go to waste, avoiding over-specification, technological advances etc. When we open both eyes we actually find a good deal more of the same sort of thing, just tightened up. I was looking for strategy, not just super-housekeeping, important indeed essential though that is. The strategic insights are allowed to peep through, and one can hardly blame the authors for being so canny about them. What is needed is a change of the public mind, and politics being politics and folks being folks that is going to invite obvious comparisons with Mao’s Great Leap Forward and other even worse initiatives: how do you change the public mind? With difficulty, I guess, but unless we, the public, change it for ourselves the blight is going to be creeping up on us while we try to look the other way or blame it on political attitudes.
How do you feel about living with less? In my early years, just after the war, it seemed a simple straight-line graph of increasing prosperity. The seventies gave us pause, but not for long, and we resumed our merry way until it became clear that there was no straight line. At last we the public were beginning to understand that we had a job to do in gaining a grasp of the underlying realities and not just leaving it all to our politicians while at the same time affecting not to believe anything they said. We tried ‘revolution’ and such like childishness, but gradually we understood that we needed, however reluctantly, to inform ourselves. And that is where this fine book comes in. It is (so far as I can tell) a reputable scientific textbook by reputable academic scientists that gives the rest of us the chance to gain a proper understanding of an issue that that has no respect for our status, academic, scientific, politically committed or anything else of the kind.
Even at the ‘one-eyed’ level, the cultural changes called for are mind-boggling. After decades of doing obeisance to growth in the GDP how are we going to adapt to lower production levels and cars that will last for 20 years while inflicting on us the ultimate indignity of having to wind down the windows by hand? I don’t know, but again the authors have an en-passant remark at one point to the effect that such attitudinal adjustments tend to come about when the ogre is staring us in the face.
There is one real and urgent warning to be given. Aside from a reference in a footnote, the book has one reference to nuclear electricity generation, which it welcomes with innocent enthusiasm. I wonder whether the authors can have read Nuclear Power by Walter C Paterson, another very readable (and also quite short) volume. To believe that the transportation and storage of nuclear wastes can ever be safe you have to do what our authors here do and simply ignore the issues. On the one hand Allwood and Cullen are admirably honest in refusing to commit to Carbon Capture and Storage. Too right, but the nuclear issue is immeasurably bigger. Remember that you can’t destroy nuclear material, you can only take it somewhere else. Oh right, so where? Where indeed. Have we just given ourselves two new problems where we might have hoped to find some kind of answers? Absolutely we have, and that’s the nature of the issue we face.
A superb book in every other way.
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Great book - Poor presentation on Kindle
By Popup
The contents merit at least four stars - maybe five. But unfortunately the Kindle formatting is very poor. The paper (and PDF) versions contain brilliantly coloured diagrams and schematics, but on the kindle the graphs are too small as well as being almost entirely indecipherable, thanks to all the colours being rendered into similar shades of grey. The footnotes are also messed up in the kindle presentations.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
A comprehensive guide to material sustainability. With jokes.
By Steve Benner
Julian Allwood and Jonathan Cullen are both engineering academics at Cambridge University. Their latest book, "Sustainable Materials - without the Hot Air", written in conjunction with six other members of their research team (whose names didn't make it onto the outer cover for reasons of ink-saving, no doubt) is a revised and expanded version of their earlier (2011) book, "Sustainable Materials - with Both Eyes Open". Although underpinned by extensive and rigorous academic research conducted in association with a wide range of industrial partners from all sectors of manufacturing, the book is far from stuffy or indigestible in its approach. It is chock full of pretty pictures, colourful diagrams, amusing analogies and irritating puns that will either help you through the more complicated sections, or else send you up the wall for its seeming lightness. The substantive subject matter of the book is very far from light, however. (Incidentally, the book is also chock full of proof-reading errors and typographical mishaps, which is a great shame, because some of these render important sections hard to follow. Hopefully subsequent printings of the book will have these ironed out. No pun intended. Oh, all right, it was.)
In this book, the authors present a systematic and comprehensive review of the materials that mankind use with a view to answering the basic question of whether or not the world stands any chance of making the large scale reductions to climate changing emissions to which most nations are now committed. In essence, the books asks whether it is possible for us to create a sustainable future for material usage, not just from an availability point of view but also from an environmental one and if so, where our best chances for doing this might lie. They present this as a global issue, requiring global solutions, not just piecemeal, isolationist solutions, which are more likely just to move the problem around rather than to solve it. (As the authors are at pains to point out, it is meaningless for the aluminium industry, for instance, to claim that electrical power emissions are somehow separate from their own industrial emissions when 76% of the energy required to mine, process, refine, form and recycle aluminium goods is required by the aluminium industry in the form of electricity. Similarly, it is pointless a country reducing its emissions simply by shifting dirty operations abroad -- this does not help the global situation one little bit.)
The authors identify five materials as being the current main contributors to present day emissions in terms of their extraction, processing, utilisation and disposal -- aluminium, steel, concrete, plastic and paper. Thereafter, they concentrate attention on these as the areas in which the greatest reductions must be made, focusing in the first instance on practices within the steel and aluminium industries, as by far the best quantified and most monitored at present (and therefore with good reliable data readily available). The other three materials are each revisited towards the end of the book to see how far the possibilities identified for the metal industries could be applied to them.
The approach taken is to examine the full range of options along the entire production chain and life cycle of the items made from the materials under consideration. This basically means an exploration of
- the emissions savings to be had from improved extraction, processing, refining and recycling technologies;
- opportunities for creating less wasted material during manufacture of finished goods (90% of the aluminium purchased by the aircraft manufacturing industry, for example, never makes it into a finished aircraft but ends up as machined swarf in skips along the way);
- opportunities for making things from less material (most buildings have far more steel in them than they need owing to designers' tendency to over-specify building strengths; over-ordering of materials is routine on many construction projects simply because time delays arising from shortages are more costly than the waste from over-ordering etc)
- ways of extending lifetimes of goods in order to reduce demand for replacements (this not only reduces demand for new material, it saves on emissions associated with recovering and recycling materials from the old items)
- ways of reusing materials from discarded items, rather than recycling them (if old buildings were dismantled with care rather than demolished with a wrecking ball, for example, much of the steel work and even the bricks would remain perfectly serviceable for use in replacement buildings)
and (shock! horror!)
- opportunities for actually making do with less!
By assessing all of these options and quantifying the potential gains to be made in each case, the authors systematically identify the best areas for attention by manufacturers, politicians and consumers alike.
When the first edition of the book was published, in 2011, the authors were optimistic that the target of 50% reduction in emissions by 2050 was perfectly achievable if concerted efforts were made in appropriate quarters to adopt new methods of working or adapt current practices, bolstered by appropriate legislation and accompanied by programmes of awareness-raising and engagement of the public. In this new edition, they note that three and half years years down the line, however, almost no steps have been taken by anyone towards the goal to which governments are supposedly committed. Since this new edition was penned in early 2015, moreover, things have actually become worse in the UK, with the current government's wholesale abandoning of its former green energy objectives and an increasing tendency for us to buy dirtier goods from abroad because of the way the emissions beans are currently counted (we're somehow seen as cleaner by buying high emissions products from overseas than by making medium emissions products ourselves, because we only count the emissions that occur on our own soil, not those that we cause to occur in other lands!)
It is perhaps ironic that the exemplar product spotlighted in the book for longevity and therefore minimising demand for replacements to existing stock, the Landrover Defender -- where 85% of the number ever made are still in use, many with their original owners -- has just this very month gone out of production forever because the manufacturers are unable to refine the model sufficiently to meet the new tailpipe emissions standards for cars.
Oh well, I suppose that will provide the authors with another anecdote to include in the next edition.
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